Paper title:
  History and Current State of Jewish Communities and Organizations in Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4316/CC.2021.01.004
Published in:
Issue 1 (Vol. 27) / 2021
Publishing date:
2021-07-31
Pages:
 67-90
Author(s):
 Zoya Shwed
Abstract:
 The main purpose of this article is to consider the dynamics and features of Jewish communities and organisations in Ukraine in the context of current socio-cultural and socio-political processes. This involves the following tasks: to reveal the principles and nature of the so-called "umbrella" Jewish organisations that unite local communities and to recon¬struct the dynamics of the Jewish segment in Ukrainian society. The analysis is based on a systematic reconstruction of theoretical models of religious phenomena and their connection with modern research subjects in the field of practical religious studies. The author argues that the activities of Jewish religious organisations and communities are manifested in vari¬ous spheres of life, particularly education, charity, and social work. At the same time, the article identifies challenges that remain relevant for religious communities and organisa¬tions, such as financing initiatives, the assistance in reducing the level of anti-Semitism in the country, and raising the level of Jewish education. The study of the functioning of Jewish religious communities in Ukraine in connection with the development of civic institutions allows to investigate the actualisation of this type of activities, as well as their impact on public life. That is why, in the context of the analysis and the goals formulated in this work, specific examples of the dynamic functioning of Jewish religious communities have been considered.
Keywords:
 Religious communities, Jews, Organisations, anti-Semitism, Ukraine, Religious education, Social work.




References:
 1. Anatevka: poslednie prigotovleniya k otkryitiyu [Anatevka: Last preparations for the opening], in http://sinagoga.kiev.ua/node/7465.
2. Anatevka: ubezhische dlya evreev s vostoka Ukrainyi [Anatevka: A refuge for Jews from eastern Ukraine], in https://www.bbc.com/russian/av/media-44524083.
3. Antisemitizm v Ukraine. Otchet za 2019 god [Anti-Semitism in Ukraine. 2019 Annual Report], in https://jew.org.ua/images/pdf/AntisemitismRUS2019.pdf.
4. Bartoshevs'ka Katerina, L'vіv. 1918. Yevrejs'kij pogrom [Lviv. 1918. The Jewish po-grom], in https://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2019/12/4/156657/.
5. Bubenok Oleg, Hozari v Istoriyi Shidnoyi Evropi [Khazars in the history of Eastern Europe], Kiyiv, Institut shodoznavstva im. A. Yu. Krimskogo NAN Ukrayini, 2019.
6. Chy zrostae v Ukrayini riven antisemitizmu? [Is the level of anti-Semitism growing in Ukraine?], in https://www.kiis.com.ua/?lang=rus&cat=news&id=906&page=4.
7. Colborne Michael, Ukraine's Far Right Is Growing Increasingly Violent - Why Aren't Local Jews Concerned? in https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/europe/.premium-ukraine-s-far-right-is-increasingly-violent-why-aren-t-local-jews-concerned-1.6852878.
8. Eisenbud Daniel, Ukrainian Jewish Committee: Russian claims of anti Semitism in Сrimea are lies, propaganda, in “The Jerusalem Post”, 2014, in https://www.jpost.com/International/Ukrainian-Jewish-Committee-Russian-claims-of-anti-Semitism-in-Crimea-are-lies-propaganda-344828.
9. Evreyskaya obschina Ukrainyi na fone rossiyskoy agressii i svyazannogo s voynoy eko-nomicheskogo krizisa [The Jewish community of Ukraine against the background of Russian aggression and the war-related economic crisis], in http://vaadua.org/evreyskaya-obshchina-ukrainy-na-fone-rossiyskoy-agressii-i-svyazannogo-s-voynoy-ekonomicheskogo.
10. Gitelman Zvi, Ro'I Yaacov, Revolution, Repression, and Revival: The Soviet-Jewish Ex-perience, Maryland, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.
11. Gitelman Zvi, The Jews of Ukraine and Moldova, in Miriam Weiner, Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories (The Jewish Genealogy Series), New York – New Jersey, Routes to Roots, 1999.
12. Golovniy rabin Ukrayini sturbovaniy zagostrennyam antisemItizmu v Zhitomiri [Ukraine's chief rabbi is concerned about the escalation of anti-Semitism in Zhytomyr], in http://khpg.org/1187791599.
13. Grinevich Lyudmyla, Grinevich Vladyslav, Evreyi v Ukrayini, in Entsiklopediya Isto-riyi Ukrayini [Jews in Ukraine, Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine], Tom 3, Kyiv, Naukova dumka, 2005.
14. Hasidy ustroili debosh v Umani: ne ponravilsya karantinnyiy zabor [Hasidim made a riot in Uman: They did not like the quarantine fence], in https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2020/09/10/7265968/.
15. Hate Crime Report, in https://hatecrime.osce.org/ukraine.
16. Himka John-Paul, War Criminality: A Blank Spot in the Collective Memory of the Ukrainian Diaspora, in “Spaces of Identity”, Vol. 5, Special Issue: War Crimes, pp. 9-24. https://doi.org/10.25071/1496-6778.7999
17. Informatsiyno-analitichni materiali do parlamentskih sluhan na temu: "Rol, znachen-nya ta vpliv gromadyanskogo suspilstva na formuvannya etnonatsionalnoyi politiki ednosti v Ukrayini" [Information and analytical materials for the parliamentary hearings on the topic: "The role, significance and influence of civil society on the formation of ethno-national unity policy in Ukraine"], in http://kompravlud.rada.gov.ua/uploads/documents/32953.pdf.
18. Istorichniy narativ MemorIalnogo tsentru Golokostu "Babin Yar" [Historical Narra-tive of the Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center], in https://babynyar.org/storage/main/ a7/9f/a79f5d1b95d299fa377952d1c4b88297081d938c50781072bb3f8cb3f381dbc2.pdf.
19. Istoriya Assotsiatsii evreyskih organizatsiy i obschin Ukrainyi [History of the Asso-ciation of Jewish Organizations and Communities of Ukraine], in http://vaadua.org/istoriya-associacii-evreyskih-organizaciy-i-obshchin-ukrainy.
20. Karatnycky Adrian, Ukraine, Anti-Semitism, Racism, and the Far Right, in www.atlantic council.org/blogs/ukrainealert/ukraine-anti-semitism-racism-and-the-far-right/.
21. Kernes Adel, Evreyskaya rota batki Mahno [The Jewish unit of Bat'ko Makhno], U-Jew. Project of the United Jewish Community of Ukraine, in https://ujew.com.ua/history/evrejskaya-rota-batki-maxno.
22. Khanin (Zeev) V., The Israeli diaspora in Ukraine: Structure, dynamics and identity (material), in “Judaica Ukrainica”, 2014, No. 3, pp. 81-104.
23. Klier John Doyle, Lambroza Shlomo, Pogroms: Anti-Jewish Violence in Modern Russian History, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
24. Kolodniy Anatoliy, IstorIya religiyi v Ukrayini [The History of religion in Ukraine], Kyiv, Ukrayinskiy Tsentr duhovnoyi kulturi, 1996.
25. Levin Vladimir, From Revolution to War: Jewish Politics in Russia, 1907-1914, Jerusa-lem, The Zalman Shazar Center for Jewish History, 2016.
26. Lure Yllya, Khasidskyi dvor i dvizhenye Khabad [Hasidic court and the Chabad move-ment], Tsentr nauchnykh rabotnikov i prepodavatelei iudayki v vuzakh «Sefer», Moskva, Institut slavianovedenyia Rossiskoy akademii nauk, 2018.
27. My maemo odin z naymenshih rivniv antisemItizmu v Evropi [We have one of the lowest levels of anti-Semitism in Europe], in https://zaxid.net/mi_mayemo_odin_z_ naymenshih_rivniv_antisemitizmu_v_yevropi_n1508494.
28. "Narkotiki zloy umyisel sionistov" — v parke Kieva nashli antisemitskiy plakat ["Drugs are the evil intent of the Zionists" - an anti-Semitic poster was found in the park of Kiev], in https://jewishnews.com.ua/society/narkotiki-zloj-umyisel-sionistov-v-parke-kieva-nashli-antisemitskij-plakat.
29. Nathans Benjamin, Beyond the Pale: The Jewish Encounter with Late Imperial Russia, Jerusalem, The Zalman Shazar Center for Jewish History, 2013.
30. Obschinnyy otchet "Deyatelnost Assotsiatsii evreyskih organizatsiy i obschin Ukrainyi v 2010 godu" [Community report "Activities of the Association of Jewish Organizations and Communities of Ukraine in 2010"], in http://vaadua.org/otchety.
31. Otchet po antisemitizmu v Ukraine za 2019 god [Report on anti-Semitism in Ukraine for 2019], in https://jewishnews.com.ua/society/otchet-po-antisemitizmu-v-ukraine-za-2019-god.
32. Podolskiy Anatoliy, Uroki mynulogo: Istoriya Golokostu v Ukrayini [Lessons from the past: The history of the Holocaust in Ukraine], Kyiv, TOV «Sprint-Servis», 2016.
33. Potichnyi Peter J., Aster Howard, Ukrainian – Jewish Relations in Historical Perspec-tive, Edmonton, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 1990.
34. Pozachergovi vybory narodnyh deputativ Ukrayini 21 lipnya 2019 roku [Extraordi-nary elections of people's deputies of Ukraine on July 21, 2019], in https://cvk.gov.ua/vibory_category/vibori-narodnih-deputativ-ukraini/pozachergovi-vibori-narodnih-deputativ-ukraini-21-lipnya-2019-roku.html.
35. Privalko Daryna, Evreyskaya zhizn v Ukraine: Dostizheniya, trudnosti i prioritetyi ot padeniya kommunisticheskogo rezhima do 2013 goda [Jewish life in Ukraine: Achievements, challenges and priorities from the collapse of communism to 2013], in https://www.jpr.org.uk/documents/JPR_Ukraine_report_final_Russian_version.pdf.
36. Rafalskiy Oleg, Dzherela z istoriyi ta kultury Evreyskogo narodu Pravoberezhnoyi Ukrayini u fondah Derzhavnogo arhivu Zhitomirskoyi oblasti [Sources on the history and culture of the Jewish people of the Right Bank of Ukraine in the funds of the State Archives of Zhytomyr region], in Materialy mizhnarodnoyi naukovo-praktichnoyi konferentsiyi "Evreyi v Ukrayini: istoriya i suchasnist" [Materials of International scientific practical conference "Jews in Ukraine: History and Present"], Zhitomir, Vidavnitstvo ZhDU im. I. Franka, 2009.
37. Sergatskova Kateryna, In one town in Ukraine, police demanded a list of Jews from the head of the Jewish community. We tell you about the history of antisemitism there, in https://zaborona.com/en/in-one-town-in-ukraine-police-demanded-a-list-of-jews-from-the-head-of-the-jewish-community-we-tell-you-about-the-history-of-antisemitism-there/.
38. Sharansky Natan, Fear No Evil: The Classic Memoir of One Man’s Triumph over a Police State, Public Affairs, 1998.
39. Shwed Zoya, Hasidizm [Hasidism], in Filosofskiy entsiklopedichniy slovnik, Kyiv, Institut filosofiyi imeni Grigoriya Skovorody NAN Ukrayini, Abris, 2002.
40. Stegniy O., Vasilchenko A., Izrayiltyani v Ukrayini [Israelis in Ukraine], in https://www.ukma.edu.ua/index.php/science/tsentri-ta-laboratoriji/ndc-shidnogo-evrejstva/doslidzhennia.
41. The Institute of Human Rights and Prevention of Extremism and Xenophobia, in https://feldman.ua/ua/ihprex/.
42. The Pincus Fund for Jewish Education, in https://www.pincusfund.org/.
43. Ukrayina – suzir’ya kultur. Zbirnik [Ukraine – a constellation of cultures. Collection], Kyiv, Noviy druk, 2018.
44. V Umani militsiya vozbudila delo iz-za tablichki o zaprete vhoda hasidam [Criminal proceedings opened in Uman in connection with the appearance of a sign prohibiting the entry of Hasidim in a local cafe], in https://www.ukrinform.ru/rubric-regions/3098097-v-umani-milicia-vozbudila-delo-izza-tablicki-o-zaprete-vhoda-hasidam.html.
45. V Umani razoblachili internet-agitatora, kotoryiy prizyival k mezhnatsionalnoy vrazhde [In Uman, an internet agitator inciting ethnic hatred was exposed], in https://www.ukrinform.ru/rubric-regions/3102954-v-umani-razoblacili-internetagitatora-kotoryj-prizyval-k-meznacionalnoj-vrazde.html.
46. V Umani snova konflikt mezhdu mestnyimi zhitelyami i hasidami iz-za stroitelstva sinagogi [Another conflict between locals and Hasidim over the construction of a synagogue in Uman], in https://www.ukrinform.ru/rubric-regions/3099403-v-umani-snova-konflikt-mezdu-mestnymi-zitelami-i-hasidami-izza-stroitelstva-sinagogi.html.
47. Vishedski Rabin, Mayzhe tretina Evreyiv Donbasu pereyihala v Izrayil vid 2014 roku [Almost a third of Donbass Jews have moved to Israel since 2014], in https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news/28367185.html.
48. Vladichenko Larysa, Lysenko Sergiy, Papayani Ivan, 25-richchia Ukrainskoi neza-lezhnosti yak istoriia relihiinykh svobod i svitohliadnoho pliuralizmu: derzhavni instytutsii ta relihiini orhanizatsii u poshuku modelei partnerstva [25th anniversary of Ukrainian independence as a history of religious freedoms and ideological pluralism: state institutions and religious organizations in search of partnership models: coll. Science. materials], Collection of scientific materials, Kyiv, Dukh i Litera, 2017, p. 255-257.
49. Zahyst natsionalnyh menshyn, v tomu chisli Romiv, ta mov menshyn v Ukrayini [Protecting National Minorities, including Roma, and Minority Languages in Ukraine], in https://www.coe.int/uk/web/kyiv/national-minorities/-/asset_publisher/i6ydYw6ljGNc/content/communication-platform-for-national-minorities-presented-in-zaporizhia-region?inheritRedirect=false&redirect=https%3A%2F%2F.
50. Zaiavlenye OEOU po sytuatsyy s evreiskoi relyhyoznoi obshchynoi yudeiskoho orto-doksalnoho veroyspovedanyia h. Kolomyi [The statement of the UJCU on the situation with the Orthodox Jewish religious community in Kolomyia], in https://jewishnews.com.ua/society/zayavlenie-oeou-po-situaczii-s-evrejskoj-religioznoj-obshhinoj-iudejskogo-ortodoksalnogo-veroispovedaniya-g-kolomyii.
51. Zakon Ukrayini "Pro natsionalni menshini v Ukrayini" [Law of Ukraine "On National Minorities in Ukraine"], in https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2494-12#Text.
52. Zisels Yosyp, Esli ne seychas… Stati, intervyu, vyistupleniya. 1989–2006 gg. [If not now ... Articles, interviews, speeches. 1989-2006], Kyiv, Duh i Litera, 2006.