Paper title:
  President and Executive Power in a Mixed Republican Form of Government. Theory and Ukrainian Experience
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4316/CC.2023.02.04
Published in:
Issue 2 (Vol. 29) / 2023
Publishing date:
2023-11-01
Pages:
307–328
Author(s):
Roman Martyniuk, Oleksii Datsiuk, Mykola Romanov, Tetiana Khomych
Abstract:
 The question of the relationship between the head of state and the executive branch is of fundamental importance in governance. In a presidential republic, the president is functionally and structurally integrated into the executive branch and heads the system of relevant bodies. In a parliamentary republic, the president is distant from the executive branch. In a mixed republican form of government, the president is not a structural component of the executive branch but is substantially integrated with it by functional duties. The level of this combination is significant and causes a dualism of executive power. The presence of the two leading executive bodies prevents abuse of executive power. This issue is becoming extremely important for many post-Soviet republics.
Keywords:
 mixed form, republican form, government, head of state, president, executive power, dualism of executive power, division of competence.




References:
1. Ardant Ph., Franciya: gosudarstvennaya sistema [France: The State System], Moskva, Yuridicheskaya Literatura, 1994, 175 p.
2. Arutiunyan A., Institut prezidenta Respubliki Armeniya. Sravnitelno-pravovoj analiz [Institution of the President of the Republic of Armenia. Comparative Legal Analysis], Yerevan, Mkhitar Gosh, 1996, 312 p.
3. Averyanov V., Dualizm vykonavchoi vlady u svitli konstytutsiinoho vdoskonalennia formy derzhavnoho pravlinnia v Ukraini [Dualism of executive power in the light of constitutional improvement of the form of government in Ukraine], in “Visnyk Constytutsiynoho Sudu Ukrainy”, 2010, No. 3, pp. 106-115.
4. Averyanov V., Vikonavcha vlada v Ukrayini: organizaciya ta rozvitok institutiv [Executive power in Ukraine: organization and development of insti-tutions], in Derzhavotvorennia i pravotvorennia v Ukraini: dosvid, problemy, perspektyvy [State-building and Lawmaking in Ukraine: Experience, Problems, Prospects], Kyiv, Instytut derzhavy i prava im. V. M. Koretskoho, 2001, pp. 135-169.
5. Barabash Yu., Prezydentska vlada u zmishanykh respublikakh: okremi pytannia teorii ta praktyky [Presidential power in mixed republican form of governments: some issues of theory and practice], in “Pravo Ukrainy”, 2014, No. 8, pp. 67-76.
6. Constitution of Finland of June 11, 1999, in https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Finland_2011.
7. Constitution of the French Republic of October 4, 1958, in https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/en/constitution-of-4-october-1958.
8. Constitution of the Portuguese Republic of April 2, 1976, in https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Portugal_2005.
9. Constitution of the Republic of Croatia of December 22, 1990, in https://www.sabor.hr/en/constitution-republic-croatia-consolidated-text.
10. Constitution of the Republic of Poland of April 2, 1997, in https://www.sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/angielski/kon1.htm.
11. Elgie R., McMenamin I., Razdelennaya ispolnitelnaya vlast i demokrati¬zaciya v poluprezidentskih sistemah [Divided executive power and demo¬cratization in semi-presidential systems], in “Political Science”, 2014, No. 3, pp. 40-59.
12. Gorbunova L., Princip zakonnosti u normotvorchij diyalnosti organiv vikonavchoyi vladi [The Principle of Legality in the Rule-Making Activities of Executive Bodies], Kyiv, Yurinkom Inter, 2008, 237 p.
13. Gorovic D., Razlichiya demokratij [Differences among democracies], in http://old.russ.ru.
14. Holmes S., Postkommunisticheskij institut prezidenta [The Post-communist Presidency], in “Konstitucionnoe pravo: vostochnoevropejskoe obo-zrenie” [Constitutional Law: Eastern European Review], 1994, No. 4-5, pp. 53-57.
15. Konstituciya Azerbajdzhanskoj Respubliki ot 12 noyabrya 1995 g. [Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan of November 12, 1995], in https://mincom.gov.az/ru/view/pages/13/.
16. Konstituciya Kyrgyzskoj Respubliki ot 11 aprelya 2021 g. [Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic of April 11, 2021], in http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/112213?cl=ru-ru.
17. Konstituciya Respubliki Belarus ot 15 marta 1994 g. [Constitution of the Republic of Belarus of March 15, 1994], in https://president.gov.by/ru/
gosudarstvo/constitution.
18. Konstituciya Respubliki Kazahstan ot 30 avgusta 1995 g. [Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan of August 30, 1995], in https://www.akorda.kz/ru/official_documents/constitution.
19. Konstituciya Respubliki Tadzhikistan ot 6 noyabrya 1994 g. [Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan of November 6, 1994], in https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=http://legalns.com/download/books/cons/tajikistan.pdf.
20. Konstituciya Respubliki Uzbekistan ot 8 dekabrya 1992 g. [Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan of December 8, 1992], in https://www.lex.uz/acts/35869.
21. Konstituciya Rossijskoj Federacii ot 12 dekabrya 1993 g. [Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 12, 1993], in http://duma.gov.ru/news/48953/.
22. Konstytutsiia Ukrainy vid 28 chervnia 1996 r. [Constitution of Ukraine of June 28, 1996], in https://kodeksy.com.ua/konstitutsiya_ukraini.htm.
23. Kozyrin A., Glushko E., Pravitelstvo v zarubezhnyh stranah [Government in Foreign Countries], Moskva, Os-89, 2007, 240 p.
24. Linz J. Juan, Opasnosti prezidentstva [The Perils of Presidentialism], in Politologiya: Hrestomatiya [Political Science: Reader]. Sankt-Peterburg, Piter, 2006, 464 p.
25. Petryshyn O., Forma derzhavnoho pravlinnia v Ukraini: do poshuku konstytutsiinoi modeli [The form of government in Ukraine: to find a constitutional model], in “Pravo Ukrainy”, 2014, No. 8, pp. 105-116.
26. Repetska Anastasia, Burdyak Vira, The Constitutional Basis for the Separation of Powers in Ukraine, in “Codrul Cosminului”, XXVI, 2020, No. 1, pp. 143-168.
27. Sartori J., Porivnialna konstytutsiina inzheneriia: Doslidzhennia struk-tur, motyviv i rezultativ [Comparative Constitutional Engineering: A Study of Structures, Motives, and Outcomes], Kyiv, ArtEk, 2001, 224 p.
28. Shapoval V., Vykonavcha vlada v Ukraini u konteksti formy derzhavnoho pravlinnia (dosvid pislia pryiniattia Konstytutsii Ukrainy 1996 roku) [Executive power in Ukraine in the context of the form of government (experience after the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine in 1996)], in “Pravo Ukrainy”, 2016, No. 4, pp. 72-88.
29. Shugart M., Carey J., Prezidentskie sistemy [Presidential systems], in https://info.wikireading.ru/241644.
30. Valenzuela A., Latin American presidencies interrupted, in “Journal of democracy”, Baltimore, MD, 2004, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 5-19.
31. Zaznaev O., Poluprezidentskaya sistema: teoreticheskie i prikladnye aspekty [Semi-Presidential System: Theoretical and Applied Aspects], Kazan, Kazan State University named after Ulyanov-Lenin, 2006, 374 p.