Paper title:
 Jews and the Ukrainian National Liberation Movement of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4316/CC.2022.02.03
Published in:
Issue 2 (Vol. 28) / 2022
Publishing date:
2022-12-31
Pages:
289 – 308
Author(s):
Ihor Hyrych, Vitalii Telvak, Viktoria Telvak, Bohdan Yanyshyn
Abstract:
The article examines the relationship between Ukrainian and Jewish elites in the Ukrainian lands during the 19th and early 20th centuries from a theoretical standpoint. It explains why Ukrainian and Jewish national movements did not reach a beneficial compromise in the Ukrainian territories. The article includes the viewpoints of important Ukrainian political philosophers such as Panteleimon Kulish, Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Mykola Mikhnovskyi, and others on the Jewish issue and chances for Ukrainian-Jewish collaboration on the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires' Ukrainian territories.

The authors analyse the assimilation that Jewish intellectuals faced after exposure to the Russian and Ukrainian cultures and accession to political organisations. They also draw parallels between Zionism and the Ukrainian national movement. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of a mutually beneficial and transparent Ukrainian-Jewish dialogue, considering the prior positive cooperation.

Keywords:
Jewish, Ukrainian, Movement, Cooperation, Conflicts, Assimilation




References:
1. Abramson Henry, Prayer for the Government. Ukrainians and Jews in Rev¬olutionary Times, 1917–1920, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1999, 255 p.
2. Chykalenko Yevhen, Shchodennyk (1907-1917) [Diary (1907–1917)], Kyiv, Tempora, 2004, T. 1, 496 s.
3. Chykalenko Yevhen, Spohady (1861-1907) [Memoirs (1861-1907)], New-York, Vydavnytstvo UVAN, 1955, 504 s.
4. Dawidowicz David, The synagogues of Poland and their destruction, Jerusalem, 1960.
5. Feller Marten, Evrei v Ukrainskii Halytskii Armii (UHA). Zhydivskyi kurin [Jews in the Ukrainian Galician Army (UGA). The Jewish Regiment], http://www.ji.lviv.ua/n48texts/feller.html (Accessed on 27.03.2021).
6. Galant I. V. (Ed.), Zbirnyk prats zhydivskoi istorychno-arkheohrafichnoi komisii [Collection of Works of the Jewish Historical and Archaeographic Commission], Kn. I, Kyiv, Drukarnia Vseukrainskoi Akademii Nauk, 1928.
7. Galant Il’ya, K ystoryy poselenyia evreev v Polshe y Rusy voobshche y v Podolyy v chastnosty [The history of Jewish settlement in Poland and the Rus’ in general and in Podillia in particular], Spb, 1897.
8. Galant Il’ya, K ystoryy Umanskoi rezny [The history of the Uman massacre], Kiev, 1895, 21 s.
9. Galant Il’ya, Molytva v pamiat Umanskoi rezny y pysmo, kasaiushcheesia toho zhe sobytyia [A prayer in the memory of the Uman massacre and a letter concerning the same event], in “Kiyevskaya starina”, 1895, № 3, s. 91-97.
10. Goldelman S. I., Zhydivska natsionalna avtonomiia na Ukraini (1917-1920) [Jewish National Autonomy in Ukraine (1917–1920)], München, 1963, 109 s.
11. Goldelman Solomon, Lysty zhydivskoho sotsial-demokrata pro Ukrainu. Materialy do istorii ukrainsko-zhydivskykh vidnosyn za chasiv revoliutsii [A Jewish Social Democrat’s Letters about Ukraine. Materials on the History of Ukrainian–Jewish Relations During the Revolution], Viden, Hamoin, 1921, 81 s.
12. Himka Ivan-Pavlo, Ukrainsko-evreiski vzaiemyny: vid istorii do pamiati [Ukrai¬nian-Jewish relations: from history to memory], Kyiv, Dukh i Litera, 2019, 384 s.
13. Hirik Serhiy (red.), Evrey Ukrainy: Revoliutsiia i pisliarevoliutsiina modernizatsiia. Polityka. Kultura. Suspilstvo: zbirka statei [Jews of Ukraine: Revo¬lution and post-revolutionary modernization. Policy. Culture. Society: a collection of articles], Kyiv, Laurus, 2018. 198 s.
14. Hirik Serhiy, Evreiskyi natsional-komunizm i fenomen radianskoi bahato¬partiinosti (1918–1928) [Jewish National Communism and the Phenomenon of So¬viet Multipartyism (1918–1928)], in Evrei v etnichnii mozaitsi ukrainskykh zemel, Kharkiv, KhNU im. V. N. Karazina, 2015, S. 99–106.
15. Hirik Serhiy, Indigenization before Indigenization. The Integration of “National Cadres” into the Party and State Apparat of the UkrSSR and BSSR (1919–1923), in “Russian Studies in History”, vol. 56, 2017, No. 4, p. 294–304.
16. Hrushevsky Mykhailo, Ukrainski zhydy [Ukrainian Jews], in M. S. Hrushevsky, Tvory u 50-y tomakh, T. 5, Lviv, Svit, 2003, s. 339 – 350.
17. Hubka C. Thomas, Wooden synagogues of Poland and Ukraine. Lecture delivered on the Third Seminar of Jewish Art, Jerusalem, 1991.
18. Hutsal P., Zhydivskyi (evreiskyi) kurin [The Jewish Regiment], in Ter-nopilskyi entsyklopedychnyi slovnyk, Ternopil, “Zbruch”, 2004, Tom 1.
19. Kostomarov N., Zhydotrepanye v nachale XVIII veka [Anti–Jewish Pog-roms in the Early 18th century], in “Kievskaya starina”, Vol. V, 1883, № 1, s. 1-26; № 3, s. 477-492.
20. Loukomski George, Jewish Art in the European synagogues (From the Middle Ages to the 18th Century), London-New York, 1947.
21. Manuykin O. O., Polishchuk V. T., Z litopysu dukhovnoho yednannia (Cher¬kashchyna u doli i tvorchosti rosiiskykh, evreiskykh i polskykh pysmennykiv) [The Chronicle of Spiritual Unity (Cherkasy Region Reflected in the Work and Fate of Russian, Jewish and Polish Writers)], Cherkasy, 1993, 224.s.
22. Myronets Nadiia, Epistoliarnyi dialoh Volodymyra Vynnychenka z Rozaliieiu Lifshyts (1911–1918) [Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s Epistolary Dialogue with Rozaliia Lifshitz (1911–1918)], in “Slovo I chas”, 2007, № 9, s. 48-56.
23. Pohrebynska I. M., Hon M. M., Evrei v Zakhidnoukrainskii Narodnii Respu¬blitsi (do problemy ukrainsko-evreiskykh vidnosyn) [Jews in the Western Ukrainian People's Republic (on the Problem of Ukrainian-Jewish Relations)], Kyiv, 1997, 84 s.
24. Prusin Alexander, Nationalizing a Borderland: War, Ethnicity, and Anti-Jewish Violence in East Galicia, 1914–1920, Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama Press, 2016, 198 p.
25. Renan Ernest, “What is a Nation?”, the text of a conference delivered at the Sorbonne on March 11th, 1882, in Ernest Renan, Qu’est-ce qu’une nation?, Paris, Presses-Pocket, 1992.
26. Rybalka L. [alias Yurkevich Lev], Russkye sotsyal-demokraty i natsio-nalnyi vopros [Russian Social Democrats and the National Question], Geneva, Izdanie redaktsii ukrainskoy sotsial-demokraticheskoy gazety “Borotba”, 1917.
27. Semenov Vladimir, Surovaia lirika Raisy Troianker [The Harsh Lyrics of Raisa Troyanker], in “Vecherniy Murmansk”, 2005, № 10, 22 ianvaria.
28. Serbyn Roman, The “Sion” – “Osnova” Controversy of 1861–1862, in Aster Howard, Potichnyj J. Peter (Eds.), Ukrainian-Jewish Relations in Historical Perspec¬tive, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, 1990, p. 85-110.
29. Shchurat Vasyl, Dr. Ivan Franko [Dr. Ivan Franko], in “Frankoznavchi studii”, 2001, Vypusk pershyi, s. 252-270.
30. Shchurat Vasyl, Ivan Franko u moikh spomynakh [My Memories of Ivan Franko], in Ivan Franko u spohadakh suchasnykiv, Lviv, Knyzhkovo-zhurnalne vydavnytstvo, 1956, s. 590-612.
31. Snegirev G. I., Roman–donos [A Denunciatory Novel], Kyiv, Dukh i litera, 2000, 504 p.
32. Telvak Vitalii, Iudaika v tvorcheskom nasledii Mikhaila Hrushevskogo (is¬toriograficheskaia i politicheskaia praktiky) [Judaica in the Creative Heritage of Mykhailo Hrushevsky (Historiographic and Political Practices)], in Materyaly Odynnadtsatoi Ezhehodnoi Mezhdunarodnoi Mezhdystsyplynarnoi konferentsyy po yudayke. Akademycheskaia seryia, Moskva, 2004, vypusk 16, chast 2, s. 113-124.
33. Tomazov V. V., Hertsyky [The Hertsyk Family], in Entsyklopediya istoriy Ukrainy, T. 2, Kyiv, Naukova dumka, 2005, s. 96.
34. Turchak Ivan, Poetessa z Umany [A poetess from Uman], in „Raduha”, 1988, № 11, s. 171-180.
35. Volkov F. K. et al. (Eds.), Ukraynskyi narod v eho proshlom y nastoiash-chem [Ukrainian people in his past and present], Sankt-Peterburg, “Obshches-tven¬naia Polza”, T. 1, 1914, 350 s.; T. 2, 1916, 346 s.
36. Wischnizer Rachel, Mutual Influences Between Eastern and Western Europe in Synagogue Architecture from the 12th to the 18th Century, in Gutmann Joseph (comp.) The Synagogue: Studies in Origins, Archaeology and Architecture, New York, Ktav Publishing House, 1975, p. 265-308.
37. Yefremov S., Drahomanov i evreiska sprava [Drahomanov and the Jewish Question], in “Rada”, 1908, 6 noiab., 7 noiab., 8 noiab., 12 noiab.
38. Yefremov S., Ekspertyza [Examination], in “Rada”, 1913, 24 okt.
39. Yefremov S., Yeretychna knyha: Vl. Zhabotynskyi. Felyetony. Stor. 286. SPb. 1913 [The Heretic Book: Vl. Zhabotynskyi. Feuilletons. 286 p., St. Petersburg. 1913], in „Rada”, 1913, 31 maia.
40. Yefremov S., Z nashoho zhyttia [Of Our Life], in “Rada”, 1913, 20 okt.
41. Yefremov Serhiy, Shchodennyky, 1923-1929 [Diaries, 1923–1929], Kyiv, ZAT Hazeta “RADA”, 1997, 496 s.
42. Zhabotynskyi V., Vybrani statti z natsionalnoho pytannia [Selected Pa-pers on the National Question], Kyiv, 1991, 136 s.